A speech act in linguistics and
the philosophy of language is an utterance that has performative
function in language and communication.
According to Kent
Bach, "almost any speech act is really the performance of several acts at
once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention: there is
the act of saying something, what one does in saying it, such as requesting or
promising, and how one is trying to affect one's audience."
The contemporary use
of the term goes back to J. L. Austin's development of performative
utterances and his theory of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary
acts. Speech acts are commonly taken to include such acts as promising,
ordering, greeting, warning, inviting and congratulating.
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