Cacophony

Is a jarring, discordant mix of sounds that have no business being played together. In literature, however, the term refers to the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results.

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Calque or Loan Translation

Is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word, or root-for-root translation. Used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components so as to create a new lexeme in the target language.

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Collective Nouns

Collective nouns are nouns that refer to a group of something in a specific manner. Often, collective nouns are used to refer to groups of animals.

Consider the following sentences:

Look at the gaggle of geese.

There used to be herds of wild buffalo on the prairie.

A bevy of swans is swimming in the pond.

A colony of ants live in the anthill.

In the above examples, gaggle, herds, bevy, and colony are collective nouns.

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Common Noun

Common nouns are words used to name general items rather than specific ones.

Examples

You broke my favorite mug.

I really want a new pair of jeans.

I wish I could remember the name of that painter.

They’re all waiting for us at the restaurant.

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Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are those which imply increase or decrease of the quality or quantity of the nouns. It is used to compare two things in a clause. Adjectives are generally made comparative by adding 'er' to the original work like nicer, taller, smarter, etc; there are some exceptions also.

Other examples are:

·         The detective is younger than the thief

·         Science is more important than math in these days.

·         This school is better than the last one I attended.

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Connotation

             Refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations.

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Compound Nouns

        A compound noun contains two or more words which join together to make a single noun.

Compound nouns can be:

·         words written together

softball        and      toothpaste

·         words that are hyphenated

six-pack       and    son-in-law

·         separate words

post office    and    upper class 

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Compound word

                Are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. They can function as different parts of speech, which can dictate what form the compound takes on. 

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Countable Nouns

          These count nouns can occur in both single and plural forms, can be modified by numerals, and can co-occur with quantificational determiners like many, most, more, several, etc.

For example, the noun bike is a countable noun.

Consider the following sentence:

There is a bike in that garage.

In this example, the word bike is singular as it refers to one bike.

However, bike can also occur in the plural form.

There are six broken bikes in that garage.

In this example, the noun bikes refers to more than one bike as it is being modified by the numeral six.

In addition, countable nouns can co-occur with quantificational determiners.

In that garage, several bikes are broken.

This sentence is grammatical, as the noun bike can take the modification of the quantificational determiner several.

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